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In case you are wondering... What is GloBI?, Why GloBI?, Who makes GloBI possible?, How does GloBI work?, How to share data through GloBI?, GloBI in the wild, How to use GloBI as an educational tool?, How to cite GloBI?, Who cited GloBI? and Who partners with GloBI?

What is GloBI?

Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) provides open access to finding species interaction data (e.g., predator-prey, pollinator-plant, pathogen-host, parasite-host) by combining existing open datasets using open source software.

Like videos? Then you might like this 2 minute GloBI introduction video.

Why GloBI?

“The various books and journals of ornithology and entomology are like a row of beehives containing an immense amount of valuable honey, which has been stored up in separate cells by the bees that made it. The advantage, and at the same time the difficulty, of ecological work is that it attempts to provide conceptions which can link up into some complete scheme the colossal store of facts about natural history which has accumulated up to date in this rather haphazard manner. This applies with particular force to facts about the food habits of animals. Until more organised information about the subject is available, it is only possible to give a few instances of some of the more clearcut niches which happen to have been worked out.” — Charles Elton, 1927. Animal Ecology. pp 65-66.

“Biodiversity researchers have focused on diversity at the cost of ignoring the networks of interactions between organisms that characterize ecosystems.” — Kevin McCann, 2007

“An essential element of a truly inclusionary and democratic approach to science is to share data through publicly accessible data sets.” — Soranno et al., 2014

“As scientific data users, we take the standpoint that scientific data are not copyrightable and, furthermore, they can be accessed, shared and reused freely. Thus, once legal access has been gained to copyrighted publications, the data within those scholarly publications can be considered to be open data that is freely extractable. This set of recommendations has been reached specifically for scientific use and societal benefits.” — Benichou et al., 2023

Now that folks have mapped the human genome, put a man on the moon, isn't it time to provide easy access to how, when and where organisms interact with each other so that we can better understand and better preserve our ecosystems? Perhaps GloBI can become the OpenStreetMap of ecology: a global map that shows how organisms rely on each other . . .

By providing an infrastructure to capture and share interaction data, individual biologists can focus on gathering new interaction data and analyzing existing datasets without having to spend resources on (re-) building a cyberinfrastructure to do so.

Who makes GloBI possible?

GloBI is made possible by a community of software engineers, bioinformaticists and biologists. Software engineers such as Jorrit Poelen, Göran Bodenschatz, and Robert Reiz collaborate with bioinformaticists like Chris Mungall, data managers like Sarah E. Miller and biologists like Jim Simons, Anne Thessen, Jen Hammock and Brian Hayden to capture, provide access to and use interaction data that is provided by biologists and community scientists around the world. GloBI is sustained by an intricate network of thriving open source, open data and open science communities in addition to receiving donations, grants, awards or being written into grants, including, but not limited to, EOL's EOL Rubenstein Fellows Program (CRDF EOL-33066-13/F33066, 2013) and the David M. Rubenstein Grant (FOCX-14-60988-1, 2014), and the Smithsonian Institution (SI) (T15CC10297-002, 2016). If you would like to contribute to GloBI please visit our contribute page.

How does GloBI work?

GloBI continuously scans existing data infrastructures and registries and tracks the species interactions data they make available. Found species interaction data are then resolved and integrated. So, rather than being a giant centralized repository of species interaction data, GloBI is more of a search index that helps to find existing species interaction datasets in their native cyber-habitat. For more information about how GloBI works, please visit the Data Integration Process page.

GloBI exists because of people like yourself who share their interaction data, or refer to existing datasets that are not yet included in GloBI. Do you have some interaction data you'd like to access through GloBI? Please read this.

How to use GloBI as an educational tool?

Partner collaborators at the Encyclopedia of Life have developed tools to better understand food webs in specific and ecosystems in general. Also, Daniela Baron et al. created an Interactive Ecosystem Explorer for high school students. In addition, many other educational resources exist including, but not limited to, hhmi's Trophic Cascades and Earth Viewer. Ideally, GloBI will help facilitate to create, and improve, these openly accessible educational resources.

How to cite GloBI?

GloBI is made possible by researchers, collections, projects and institutions openly sharing their datasets. When using this data, please make sure to attribute these original data contributors, including citing the specific datasets in derivative work. Each species interaction record indexed by GloBI contains a reference and dataset citation. If you have ideas on how to make it easier to cite original datasets, please open/join a discussion.

To credit GloBI for more easily finding interaction data, please use to following citation to reference GloBI:

Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.

In addition, if you'd like to visually reference GloBI, please don't hesitate to use the GloBI logo collection created by Pepper Luboff.

Who cited GloBI?

(ordered by year, author)

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Bellardini, D. et al., 2024. Spatiotemporal changes of pelagic food webs investigated by environmental DNA metabarcoding and connectivity analysis. Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society B. doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0178
Blanc-Benigeri, A., 2024. Diet of moulting Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) and Tennessee Warblers (Leiothlypis peregrina) at a stopover site during fall migration measured with fecal DNA metabarcoding. Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59462-0
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Chen, C. et al., 2024. Stability of ecological systems: A theoretical review Physics Reports. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.08.001
Drucker, D.P. et al., 2024. Collectively Working towards Plant-Pollinator Interactions Data Interoperability and Reuse: Lessons Learned from the WorldFAIR Project. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards. doi:10.3897/biss.8.141109
Eichenwalt, A.J. et al., 2024. Potential extinction cascades in a desert ecosystem: Linking food web interactions to community viability Ecology and Evolution. doi:10.1002/ece3.10930
Elliott, M.J. and Fortes, J.A.B, 2024. Toward Reliable Biodiversity Information Extraction From Large Language Models 2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). doi:10.1109/e-Science62913.2024.10678666
Feng, X. et al., 2024. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene Biological Reviews. doi:10.1111/brv.13077
Fenn-Moltu, G. et al., 2024. Pathways for accidental biocontrol: The human‐mediated dispersal of insect predators and parasitoids Ecological Applications. doi:10.1002/eap.3047
Giannakis K., et al., 2024. Ecological Predictors of Organelle Genome Evolution: Phylogenetic Correlations with Taxonomically Broad, Sparse, Unsystematized Data Systematic Biology. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syae009
Grey, H.L. et al., 2024. Diet specialization mediates drivers of Cucurbita herbivory in a semi-arid agroecosystem Current Research in Insect Science. doi:10.1016/j.cris.2024.100087
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