Use Cases For EuroAPPA

(to see an outline of this document on the left of the screen, press Headings above and chose “Show outline”)

Reminder: In EuroAPPA, we will focus on updating and reusing two existing systems: tools within GloBI, and DoPI, plus adding results from modelling and mapping exercises in WP1 (i.e. we don’t aim to build new infrastructures, except what we need for the modelling results).

Definition of use case
A use case is a short story about specific actors performing specific tasks with (in this case) EuroAPPA. We are compiling example Use Cases to request new ones from other stakeholders. This will help us address all potential user needs when designing EuroAPPA’s interface.

Use Case 1 - A Honours/Master’s student who wants data for their thesis (Jeff)

Goal: Address the following two questions: (1) How complete is the pollen host-plant coverage of bee species that are included in the most recent IUCN Red List: https://iucn.org/press-release/202510/mounting-risks-threaten-survival-wild-european-pollinators-iucn-red-list ? (2) Are certain pollen host types over- or under-represented in the list? Prediction: More specialised bees (i.e. monolectic species) will be over-represented.

Actors: The Honour/Master’s student and their thesis advisor(s); (if applicable) editor of the journal; (if applicable) peer reviewers

Resources: Internet; EuroAPPA; IUCN Red List; literature on bee plant hosts; R for data analysis; word processing software for the thesis write-up

Steps: (1) Download IUCN data on bees; (2) Download data from EuroAPPA on bees and their host plants; (3) Assess coverage of the downloaded data in relation to the IUCN data; (4) Assess the -lecty (i.e., pollen specificity - mono-/poly-lectic) of the bees in the IUCN List versus the -lecty for European bee species generally; (5) Statistical analysis; (6) Discussion of results with thesis advisor(s); (7) Write up of the thesis; (8) Write up of a research paper if appropriate.

Out of scope (for this use case) - communication with EuroAPPA folks and partner; detailing

Question -

  • Which use case describes the EuroAPPA team’s collaborations with their users?
  • Which use case describes the EuroAPPA team’s internal communication and collaboration?
  • What kind of alternate use cases using different resources and taxa (e.g., caterpillars) could be imagined?

Use Case 2 - IPBES Global Assessment

Goal

  • Question: What European evidence exists on the decline of pollination interactions for the next global assessment?
  • EuroAPPA use: Export machine-readable datasets and summaries linking temporal interaction data with land-use change and climate models.

Actors

Resources

Steps

Use Case 3 - European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) researching the pollinators of Green Beans (a food crop) (Cala)

Goal: An EFSA researcher is investigating the dependence of food crops (e.g., green beans) on pollinators. They address the following questions: (1) What is the current scientific knowledge of the floral visitors of the crop plant (Green beans)? (2) Is there variation in the visitors of the Green Beans crop across different geographical areas of Europe? 3) Are there knowledge gaps in the visitors of plant species x in some areas where it is cultivated? 4) is there evidence of changes in the pollinators of crop x over time?

Actors: EFSA researchers

Resources: EuroAPPA; CropPol database; primary literature on crop pollination

Steps: (1) Check CropPol; (2) Download EuroAPPA data on target species; (3) compare coverage (4) map records 5) run statistical analysis for temporal differences in pollinators

Note - GloBI reviewed a version of CropPol (see Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in ibartomeus/OBservData hash://md5/35b1210f8b22088babe73b2b9012c15e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15256406 )

Use Case 4.1 - Scientist wishing to know about the types of plants used across the distribution of a pollinator (Jeff)

Goal

Conservation assessment of a specific pollinator

Specific questions: How does their data compare to data available elsewhere? Can the scientist enrich their own datasets with other openly available datasets, thereby extending the taxonomic, geospatial, and temporal aspects of the dataset?

Assumptions

Scientists have funding and time to reach their goals. Funding is out of scope for this use case.

Actors

  1. A pollination ecologist studying the ecology of a rare pollinator
  2. EuroAPPA team

Resources (existing methods/ data/ infrastructure)

  1. EuroAPPA
  2. Internet
  3. Personal Data
  4. DOPI
  5. GBIF
  6. EU Pollinator Hub

  7. Zenodo (publications)

    ##

    Steps

  8. Plan the survey (where, when, what)
    1. Determine the taxa of interest (pollinator and its plants)
    2. Determine the geospatial-temporal domain
  9. Carry out the survey
    1. Record data on the plants that are visited by the pollinators
    2. Format the data spreadsheet according to DwC
  10. Compare newly acquired survey data with already available data in EuroAPPA
  11. Analyse data
  12. Write the manuscript and cite EuroAPPA and sources within
  13. add new data to EuroAPPA-linked repository (during peer-review and definitely after publication)

Use Case 4.2 - Scientist wishing to know about the spatial diversity of pollinators of a plant

Goal

Habitat restoration

Specific questions: How does their data compare to data available elsewhere? Can the scientist enrich their own datasets with other openly available datasets, extending the taxonomic, geospatial, and temporal aspects of the dataset?

Assumptions

Scientists have funding and time to reach their goals. Funding is out of scope for these use cases.

Actors

  1. A pollination ecologist studying the reproductive ecology of a rare plant
  2. EuroAPPA team

Resources (existing methods/ data/ infrastructure)

  1. EuroAPPA
  2. Internet
  3. Personal Data
  4. DOPI
  5. GBIF
  6. EU Pollinator Hub

  7. Zenodo (publications)

    Steps

  8. Plan the survey (where, when, what)
    1. Determine the taxa of interest (plants and pollinators)
    2. Determine the geospatial-temporal domain
  9. Carry out the survey
    1. Record data on the pollinators of the plant
    2. Format the data spreadsheet according to DwC
  10. Compare newly acquired survey data with already available data in EuroAPPA
  11. Analyse data
  12. Write the manuscript and cite EuroAPPA and sources within
  13. add new data to EuroAPPA-linked repository (during peer-review and definitely after publication)

Use Case 4.3 - Scientists wanting to know how we can assess completeness and FAIRness of European pollination datasets

  • EuroAPPA use: Use integrated data reviews and rarefaction analysis to evaluate data coverage across taxa, geography, and literature sources.

    Goal

    Actors

    Resources

    Steps

Use Case 5 - Documentary film maker wanting information about a particular plant or pollinator that they wish to feature

Goal

Actors

Resources

Steps

##

Use Case 6 - Citizen or Gardener (Claus)

  • Question: What native plants should I grow to help local pollinators?
  • EuroAPPA use: Search for local pollinator–plant interactions and distribution maps filtered by region, returning lists of species observed in a specific Location and their host plants.

Goal

Homeowners or renters (not specifically gardeners) want to know which bee plants are best for their gardens in Aarhus, Denmark.

Actors

  1. Someone living in Aarhus, Denmark, with an interest in bee health.
  2. expert organisations (e.g., wild garden NGOs or individuals, Claus R.)
  3. plant sellers - nurseries

Resources

the internet; a garden in Aarhus; webpage on the publication of a physical, nice-looking poster on bees by Claus.

Steps

  1. homeowner goes out and looks at the garden in Aarhus
  2. homeowner notices there’s a lot of grass and concrete in their yard
  3. homeowner identifies where to change the grass/concrete to get something else
  4. homeowner searches the internet for “bee-friendly garden” (in Danish, “bi-venlig have”)
  5. home owner finds Claus’ name related to the published poster on bees.
  6. homeowner asks Claus to list plants that are bee-friendly.
  8. 7.a) Claus suggests going to the nursery and observing which plants are visited by bees at the nursery (go and have a look).
  9. 7.b) for skilled gardeners, Claus provides a detailed list of plants instead 8) homeowner go to the nursery and buy the plants.

Question

What to do if the flowers aren’t flowering? How to buy plants out of season (e.g., maybe look at the label).

Wouldn’t it be a nice idea to have Claus publish his plant list through EuroAPPA? How do we make EuroAPPA so that homeowners can easily query for bee-friendly plants in Aarhus, Denmark?

How does EuroAPPA facilitate the provision of the plant list to the homeowner?

How does Claus make his knowledge available within constraints (money, time), while also being attributed for this work?

How do existing resources (e.g., the EU Butterfly Hub) facilitate the provision of the plant list to the homeowner?

Use Case 6.1 - Citizen or Gardener - using Task 5.2 and 5.3 landscape mitigation tool (Andrea)

  • Question: Which plants should I grow in a garden to help local pollinators? Which habitat should I create?
  • EuroAPPA use: Accessing to landscape mitigation tool integrated in EuroAppa. The tool feeds on species distribution modelling (SDM) and interaction data, regularly updated by EuroAPPA. The webpage of the tool will receive inputs on location, land characteristics and need of the user. Then, it will compute the estimated local pollinator species pool estimated by the SDMs. Finally the tool will connect the species pool to their plant interaction and traits to provide habitat suggestions for the target species. Target species can include local threathed species and/or crop pollinators depending on the user goals.

Goal

Homeowners or renters (not specifically gardeners) want to know which bee plants are best for their gardens in Merate, Italy.

Potential users

  1. Someone living in Merate, Lombardy, Italy with a garden and interest in bee health.
  2. A gardener employed by an homeowner of Merate who was asked to design a pollinator-friendly garden.
  3. Community garden in Merate.

Resources

A garden; the willingness to change the garden’s management; an internet connection, the ability to interact with the tool and understand its outpus; money and willingness to: get the right plants, create the habitat and mantain it.

-SDMs kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-Plant-pollinator interactions kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-R script with the package Shiny to run the application and feed on the updated data when available. Human resources to mantain if needed.

-Script to integrate the app in to EuroAppa

Actors

  1. Homeowner/gardeners
  2. EuroAppa team
  3. Butterfly WP5 team (Ivan and Andrea)

Steps

  1. Homeowner goes out and looks at the garden in Merate. They notices there’s a lot of grass and concrete in their yard.
  2. Homeowner identifies where to change the grass/concrete to get something else
  3. The user finds out about the EuroAppa tool to desing a pollinator-friendly landscape via involvement in a Butterfly LL, (possibly) the EU poll hub, mediatic campaign by an NGO, insitutional information by a local administration that was involved in the project, word-of-mouth, …
  4. The user opens the web application. They draw a polygon that includes their garden on a map, they select “conservation” as their goal of the tool.
  5. The tool retrieves a list of plants suited to support the threathened pollinator species that might be present in their area. The user can further filter the plant species by soil conditions, sun exposure, water requirements, life cycle, and maximum height. If they want to go deeper, fun facts and main characteristics of suggested plants and potential pollinators to be attracted are shown in a nutshell.
  6. Additional information on nesting habitats or plants for larvae of target pollinators are showed. A small description and tutorial on how to create those is available.
  7. The User gets a seed mix or buys plants suggested by the tool. The tool might also serve as a first suggestion to further adjust the plant mix to other restraints.
  8. The User re-designs the garden.

Use Case 7 - Energy & Agriculture Policy Researcher (Butterfly WP4) (Jeroen/ Dehui)

  • Question: Which pollinators service rapeseed crops in Poland vs Germany vs France, and what are the vulnerabilities for bioenergy supply chains?
  • EuroAPPA use: Compare regional interaction datasets to identify key pollinators for Brassica napus and link them to land-use and pesticide datasets for risk assessment.

Goal

Actors

Resources

Steps

Use Case 8 - Environmental Agency (e.g. European Environment Agency, EEA)

  • Question: How have plant–pollinator communities changed over time in Natura 2000 sites?
  • EuroAPPA use: Retrieve historical and contemporary interaction records to generate trend maps and indicators for inclusion in EU biodiversity and pollinator reports.

Goal

Actors

Resources

Steps

Use Case 9.1 - Integration of EuroAPPA with the EU Pollinator Hub (Noa/Andrés)

Goal

Integrate the data into the EU Pollinator Hub, making it FAIR, quality-checked, and standardised for easier reuse (in line with the Hub’s recognised standards).

Automate the process of data retrieval from the EuroAPPA.

Actors

EuroAPPA Team

EU Pollinator Hub Team

Resources

Data and Metadata from the EuroAPPA.

EuroAPPA API Documentation.

Developers’ working time.

Data manager/scientist working time.

Steps

EuroAPPA Team - Standardise their datasets according to available standards. Apply these to all the data and metadata of the EuroAPPA.

EuroAPPA Team - Implement the API to make it operational, so that data and metadata are accessible. Agree on a transferring scheme and prepare API user documentation.

EUPH Team - Retrieve the data and metadata from EuroAPPA to include in EUPH.

EUPH Team - Perform additional quality assessment and standardisation, as needed.

EUPH Team - Generates dataset reports and makes them available alongside standardised datasets.

Use Case 9.2 - Reuse/Integration of EuroAPPA with GloBI and other EuroAPPA partners (Jorrit)

Goal

EuroAPPA is a project that interfaces with experts and the general public. EuroAPPA uses GloBI and other existing resources to build a one-stop shop for plant-pollinator research in Europe.

GloBI wishes to receive feedback from EuroAPPA team members, EuroAPPA expert users, and EuroAPPA community scientists (general interested public).

Actors

GloBI curators and developers

EuroAPPA team

EuroAPPA (expert) users

DoPI curators and developers

Additional EuroAPPA (data) partners

Resources

GloBI data reviews and other data products

EuroAPPA feedback comments

EuroAPPA request for information

Steps

  1. An expert “Jane Doe” on pollinators reviews EuroAPPA data products
  2. the expert finds that a notable pollinator of Norway is missing
  3. the expert contacts the EuroAPPA team to suggest improvements
  4. the EuroAPPA team discusses the improvement suggestion with GloBI, DoPI and other EuroAPPA partners
  5. Improvement suggestions are implemented by EuroAPPA partners
  6. An updated EuroAPPA is reviewed by the submitting expert, Jane Doe

Use Case 10 - Land manager, Garden designer, Local insitution or organization- using T5.2 and 5.3 tool (Andrea)

  • Question: Which plant mix is most suitable to promote the conservation of pollinators in the province of Lecco (Italy)? (or anywhere in the EU)
  • EuroAPPA use: Accessing to landscape mitigation tool integrated in EuroAppa. The tool feeds on species distribution modelling (SDM) and interaction data, regularly updated by EuroAPPA. The webpage of the tool will receive inputs on location, land characteristics and need of the user. Then, it will compute the estimated local pollinator species pool estimated by the SDMs. Finally the tool will connect the species pool to their plant interaction and traits to provide habitat suggestions for the target species. Target species can include local threathed species and/or crop pollinators depending on the user goals.

Goal: Defining a seed mix effective in supporting the threathened pollinators of a region. The mix could be promoted to a larger public or planted in various location within the region.

Potential users

  1. Organisations (e.g., Legambiente Lecco (NGO), Park manager of Montevecchia regional park (LC), Italy).
  2. Plant sellers - Nurseries of Cernusco Lombardone (LC), Italy.
  3. A Garden designer commisioned by a company to plan a private green space in Osnago(LC), Italy.
  4. A landscape manager employed by the local administration of the province of Lecco, italy.
  5. Policymakers willing to define a list of requirements for farmers to receive funding from CAP or similar environmental/biodiversity stewardship schemes.

Resources

Mediatic, economic and/or institutional power; an internet connection, the ability to interact with the tool and understand its outpus; money and willingness to promote pollinator stewardship.

-SDMs kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-Plant-pollinator interactions kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-R script with the package Shiny to run the application and feed on the updated data when available. Human resources to mantain if needed.

-Script to integrate the app in to EuroAppa

Actors

  1. Users
  2. EuroAppa team
  3. Butterfly WP5 team (Ivan and Andrea)

Steps

  1. A company/park/local institution/plant seller/garden designer is motivated to support declining pollinator species in their region. Alternatively, they are required to comply to a legally binding norm aimed at supporting biodiversity. A plant seller might be motived by marketing their plant or seed mix as pollinator friendly.
  2. The user finds out about the EuroAppa tool to desing a pollinator-friendly landscape via involvement in a Butterfly LL, the EU poll hub, mediatic campaign by an NGO, institutional information, advocacy by a lobby, word-of-mouth, …
  3. The user opens the web application. They draw a large polygon that includes the region they want to take action in, they select “conservation” as their goal of the tool. If they want to present the seed mix to farmers, they might also select farming and the crops of interests. The tool can also accept the request to deliver suggestion compatible to both farming and conservation goals.
  4. The tool retrieves a list of plants suited to support the target pollinator species that might be present in their area. The user can further filter the plant species by soil conditions, sun exposure, water requirements, life cycle, and maximum height. If they want to go deeper, fun facts and main characteristics of suggested plants and potential pollinators to be attracted are shown in a nutshell.
  5. Additional information on nesting habitats or plants for larvae of target pollinators are showed. A small description and tutorial on how to create those is available.
  6. The User promotes the use of seed mix and plants to people and entities (the case for users such as: NGOs, plant sellers, landscape managers, garden designers). Or they plant directly on the ground (the case for users such as: park managers, local institutions). The tool might also serve as a first suggestion to further adjust the plant mix to other restraints.

Use Case 11 - Farmer - using T5.2 and 5.3 tool (Andrea)

  • Question: Which plant mix is most suitable to support the pollination services in my sweet cherry orchard in Novate Milanese, Italy? (or any other crop and anywhere else in the EU)
  • EuroAPPA use: Accessing to landscape mitigation tool integrated in EuroAppa. The tool feeds on species distribution modelling (SDM) and interaction data, regularly updated by EuroAPPA. The webpage of the tool will receive inputs on location, land characteristics and need of the user. Then, it will compute the estimated local pollinator species pool estimated by the SDMs. Finally the tool will connect the species pool to their plant interaction and traits to provide habitat suggestions for the target species. Target species can include local threathed species and/or crop pollinators depending on the user goals.

Goal: Designing a portion of the land to support wild pollinators that might benefit the yield of the surrounding crops. The goal could also include the support of pollinators in general to comply to an EU environmental scheme.

Potential users

  1. Farmers
  2. Landscape managers that design farmlands

Resources

Willingness to coexist with wild pollinators on your farm; an internet connection, the ability to interact with the tool and understand its outpus; money, time and willingness to create the habitat and mantain it.

-SDMs kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-Crop-pollinator interactions kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-R script with the package Shiny to run the application and feed on the updated data when available. Human resources to mantain if needed.

-Script to integrate the app in to EuroAppa

Actors

  1. Users
  2. EuroAppa team
  3. Butterfly WP5 team (Ivan and Andrea)

Steps

  1. A farmer is motivated to attract wild pollinators on their farm that might pollinate its crops.
  2. The user finds out about the EuroAppa tool to desing a pollinator-friendly landscape via involvement in a Butterfly LL, the EU poll hub, mediatic campaign by an NGO, institutional information, advocacy by a lobby, word-of-mouth, …
  3. The user identifies an area of its farmland to create a pollinator friendly habitat.
  4. The user opens the web application. They draw a large polygon that includes their farm, they select “crop pollination” as their goal. They specify the crop: cherry. The tool can also accept the request to deliver suggestion compatible to both farming and conservation goals.
  5. The tool retrieves a list of plants suited to support the target pollinator species that might be present in their area and pollinate the crop. The tool will suggest wild plants that flower in a different time of the year of the crop, to prevent distraction from the crop. The user can further filter the plant species by soil conditions, sun exposure, water requirements, life cycle, and maximum height. If they want to go deeper, fun facts and main characteristics of suggested plants and potential pollinators to be attracted are shown in a nutshell.
  6. Additional information on nesting habitats or plants for larvae of target pollinators are showed. A small description and tutorial on how to create those is available. The user will also be informed of the best size orientation of the flower strips to support pollination service on the farm. General and introductory info on sowing, fertilizers, mowing regimes to mantain the flower strip will also be provided.
  7. The User re-designs the farmland. The tool might also serve as a first suggestion to further adjust the plant mix and habitat to other restraints.

Use Case 12 - Scientist, NGO’s/lobbies, Policymakers - using Task 5.1 Pollination allert map (Andrea)

  • Question: Which crops and in which region of the EU are lacking pollination services by wild pollinators?
  • EuroAPPA use: Accessing the pollination allert map. This interactive web-map feeds on the EUROAPPA’s SDMs for the distribution of pollinators across the EU, on EUROCROPmap 2022 for the distribution of crop types, and on crop-interaction data made available on EUROAPPA. The Map will visualize the regions that are estimated to provide enough pollination service (computed mainly from interactive poll richness for their crop) to a specified crop category.

Goal

Be informed about the status of pollination service provided by wild pollinators to the main crops in europe and its spatial variation.

Potential users

  1. A scientist looking for a citation on the dependency of cherry to wild pollinators in Northen Italy.
  2. An NGO’s in bruxelles lobbying to change EU Common agriculture policy.
  3. An local organization in Lecco interacting with farmers to promote wild pollinator stewardship.

Resources

an internet connection, the ability to interact with the map and understand its outputs.

-Eurocropmap kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-SDMs kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-Crop-pollinator interactions kept up to date and integrated in EUROAppa.

-R script with the package Shiny to run the application and feed on the updated data when available. Human resources to mantain if needed.

-Script to integrate the app in to EuroAppa

Actors

  1. Users
  2. EuroAppa team
  3. Butterfly WP5 team (Ivan and Andrea)
  4. EuroCropmap research group (JRC in Ispra) Best map available in 2025: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03884-y

Steps

  1. User is motivated to find info on pollination supply to sweet cherry in northen Italy.
  2. The user finds out about the EuroAppa pollination allert map via involvement in a Butterfly LL, the EU poll hub, mediatic campaign by an NGO, institutional information by a local administration that was involved in the project, word-of-mouth, …
  3. User opens the interactive pollination allert map on Euroappa. Select sweet cherry (or orchards in general if species-specific filter is not available). A map is shown highlighting areas with a pollination mismatch or supply/demand balance across the UE.
  4. The user selects the lombardy region, in Italy. The map zooms into the region. A list of cherry/fruit crop pollinators can be download (possibly specific for the region of interest, but that depends on the model accuracy).

  5. The user gets a score on the pollination mismatch in the Lombardy region for sweet cherries compared to other areas in Europe.

    WP1-EuroAPPA-use-cases.md

Use Case 13-

Goal:

Actors:

Resources:

Steps: (1)

Out of scope (for this use case) -

Question -

fungi-IMG_3380.jpg

Invitation to provide a use case for EuroAPPA

(email to invite a variety of stakeholders)

Subject line: Butterfly project action: Invitation to provide a use case for EuroAPPA

Dear …,

EuroAPPA will be a platform providing access to EU-wide pollination data and resources, developed as part of the project Butterfly. EuroAPPA is not a database per se, but will instead provide access and data reviews of multiple resources, including databases, from a single location. EuroAPPA will not be limited to the outputs of Butterfly, but provide access to previously existing resources as well.

We expect the capabilities of EuroAPPA to be:

  • search and download pairwise interactions of plants and pollinators, including location and time (as in GloBI)
  • search for evidence of effective pollination by different pollinators to wild and crop plants
  • produce interactive maps of pollination interactions in Europe
  • generate data reviews across databases with pollination information (including things like how many interactions have been recorded, where, when, the species involved, the source publications,…)

We are asking for your input in the form of example(s) on how you would use EuroAPPA in your work (=a use case). Preparing a use case should not take more than 10 minutes.

These use cases from diverse stakeholders will help us develop the best way to provide access to resources in EuroAPPA and what the interface should look like. Use cases can come from any potential user, from the general public to expert pollination scientists. Please use this simple format to prepare your use case(s):

Use Case title
Goal:
Actors:
Resources:
Steps:

We provide two examples below. Please add as much detail as you like, and send it back to us by the start or the general meeting in Aarhus (Jan 28) OR bring it to the workshop we are running at the meeting on day one if you are attending (Jan 29m 4pm).

Also feel free to share this request with any members of your team who might be able to provide a use case.

We are happy to answer any questions. Many thanks!

The EuroAPPA team

Example Use Case - Citizen or Gardener

Goal: Homeowners or renters (not specifically a gardener) want to know the best bee plants in their garden in Aarhus, Denmark. Question: What native plants should I grow to help local pollinators?

Actors: 1) someone living in Aarhus, Denmark, with an interest in bee health. 2) expert organisations (e.g., wild garden NGOs or individuals, Claus R.) 3) plant sellers - nurseries

Resources: the internet; a garden in Aarhus; webpage on the publication of a physical, nice-looking poster on bees by Claus, EuroAPPA.

Steps: 1) home owner goes out and look at the garden in Aarhus 2) homeowner notice there’s a lot of grass and concrete in their yard 3) homeowner identifies where to change the grass/concrete to get something else 4) homeowner searches the internet for “bee friendly garden” (in Danish, “bi-venlig have”) 5) home owner finds Claus’ name related to the published poster on bees 6) homeowner asks Claus to list plants that are bee friendly 7a) Claus suggests to go to the nursery, and observe which plants are visited by bees at the nursery (go and have a look). 7b) for skilled gardeners, Claus provides a detailed list of plants instead 7c) Claus suggests using EuroAPPA to search for local pollinator–plant interactions and distribution maps filtered by region, returning lists of species observed in the location and their host plants. 8) homeowners go to the nursery and buy the plants.

Example Use Case - A Honours/Master’s student who wants data for their thesis

Goal: Address the following two questions: (1) How complete is the pollen host-plant coverage of bee species that are included in the most recent IUCN Red List: https://iucn.org/press-release/202510/mounting-risks-threaten-survival-wild-european-pollinators-iucn-red-list ? (2) Are certain pollen host types over- or under-represented in the list? Prediction: More specialised bees (i.e. monolectic species) will be over-represented.

Actors: The Honour/Master’s student and their thesis advisor(s); (if applicable) editor of the journal; (if applicable) peer reviewers

Resources: Internet; EuroAPPA; IUCN Red List; literature on bee plant hosts; R for data analysis; word processing software for the thesis write-up

Steps: (1) Download IUCN data on bees; (2) Download data from EuroAPPA on bees and their host plants; (3) Assess coverage of the downloaded data in relation to the IUCN data; (4) Assess the -lecty (i.e., pollen specificity - mono-/poly-lectic) of the bees in the IUCN List versus the -lecty for European bee species generally; (5) Statistical analysis; (6) Discussion of results with thesis advisor(s); (7) Write up of the thesis; (8) Write up of a research paper if appropriate.

invited stakeholders (Cala to add updated table)

/